NEWSLETTER

Tuesday, 28 Thul Hijjah 1433 H / 13 November 2012

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Abul Wafa's main contribution lies in several branches of mathematics, especially geometry and trigonometry. In geometry his contribution comprises solution of geometrical problems with opening of the compass; construction of a square equivalent to other squares; regular polyhedra; construction of regular hectagon taking for its side half the side of the equilateral triangle inscribed in the same circle; constructions of parabola by points and geometrical solution of the equations: x 4 = a and x 4 + ax 3 = b.

Abul Wafa's contribution to the development of trigonometry was extensive. He was the first to show the generality of the sine theorem relative to spherical triangles. He developed a new method of constructing sine tables, the value of sin 30' being correct to the eighth decimal place. He also developed relations for sine (a+b) and the formula:

Apart from being a mathematician, Abul Wafa also contributed to astronomy. In this field he discussed different movements of the moon, and discovered 'variation'. He was also one of the last Arabic translators and commentators of Greek works.

He wrote a large number of books on mathematics and other subjects, most of which have been lost or exist in modified forms. His contribution includes Kitab 'Ilm al-Hisab, a practical book of arithmetic, al-Kitab al-Kamil (the Complete Book), Kitab al-Handsa (Applied Geometry). Apart from this, he wrote rich commentaries on Euclid, Diophantos and al-Khawarizmi, but all of these have been lost. His books now extant include Kitab 'Ilm al-Hisab, Kitab al- Handsa and Kitab al-Kamil.

His astronomical knowledge on the movements of the moon has been criticized in that, in the case of 'variation' the third inequality of the moon as he discussed was the second part of the 'evection'. But, according to Sedat, what he discovered was the same that was discovered by Tycho Brache six centuries later. Nonetheless, his contribution to trigonometry was extremely significant in that he developed the knowledge on the tangent and introduced the secant and cosecant for the first time; in fact a sizeable part of today's trigonometry can be traced back to him.

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* KZN divers lucky to be alive - Nine exhausted scuba divers recalled on Sunday how they had surfaced after a dive on the South Coast only to find that their boat was nowhere to be seen.

* St Francis Bay fire under control - Firefighters have eventually managed to bring a massive fire that destroyed at least a hundred homes in St Francis Bay in the Eastern Cape under control.

* Culpable homicide case opened after collision - Four soccer players were killed on Sunday night when the minibus they were travelling in collided with a bakkie along the R71 road near Polokwane, the Limpopo traffic department said.

* Syria opposition coalition picks new leader - Syria's opposition appears to have overcome its deep divisions to rally behind a new leader within a new coalition that its Western and Arab backers hope can topple the Syrian government and take over the country.

* Google fined for 'grossly defamatory' content - Internet giant Google have been ordered to pay $208,000 in damages to an Australian man after a jury found the Google defamed him by publishing material linking him to mobsters.

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Fish Cutlets

Tinned Salmon or fresh fish - 2 slices bread - 2 medium onions - 9 green chillies - 5 cloves garlic - = tsp cumin powder - a pinch of turmeric powder - Salt to taste - 2 Tbsp Shallot chopped - 2 eggs, breadcrumbs - Oil for shallow frying.

Soak bread in water just to cover. Drain tinned fish prepare fish as follows:

Sprinkle with salt and pepper. Place on medium heat, cook for 15  20min in a covered saucepan in its own moisture.

Drain remove bones and skin and flake the fish. Squeeze water out of bread and add to fish. Grate or liquidize onions, slices, garlic. Add cumin powder, turmeric salt and chopped shallot. Mix together well. form into balls 5cm in diameter Flatten slightly dip in beaten eggs coat with bread crumbs. Fry in heated oil till golden brown on both sides. Palce on rack in a roasting pan bake in a moderate oven 350 F for = hour to dry out.

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